For many vaccines, booster shots are important to maintaining prevention against diseases. This is true for diseases such as hepatitis A and B, yellow fever, and HPV.
But, what about influenza?
During the flu season, people are wary of the dangerous virus. It’s an exciting thought that a second-dose of the flu shot may increase our immunity to the flu as other booster shots do for other diseases. With even more protection, some might think risks of the flu could disappear.
Shingles is almost exclusively associated with seniors. This shouldn’t come as a surprise, considering the infection most commonly affects that particular age group.
But, with approximately one million cases every year in the United States, it’s useful to know that not all sufferers fall into the same range.
Nearly one in every three people in America will develop shingles in their lifetime. Even young children can experience bouts of the painful rash.
South Africa is one of the 22 countries that’s been on the “high burden” list for Tuberculosis (TB) since 1998. It has remained in the top-20 for MDR-TB since 2008. This list of countries measures the highest risk of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, or MDR-TB.
What is a high burden country and how is this determined?
A high burden nation is one that has a significant amount of TB cases reported each year or increased mortality rates from this illness. To be on the high burden list for the MDR-TB, countries have to report at least 4,000 cases of citizens with that strain. These countries also had to account for 85 percent of the TB cases worldwide.
Thanks to modern medicine and vaccine campaigns, rubella has been eradicated in many developed nations. That’s just one reason officials are surprised by Japan’s recent outbreak of the virus.
Since the beginning of 2018, rubella cases have spiked across Japan. Most reported cases during this outbreak are popping up in the Kanto region, according to the CDC. The region includes heavily-populated cities like Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba, and Saitama.
According to the Japan National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), almost 1,900 cases of Rubella had been reported in 2018, as of November 4th. Compared to the previous year, there have been over 1,000 more reported cases.
When yellow fever comes up today, you likely imagine a tropical disease. It might only appear as a risk to people in Africa, South America or the Caribbean.
But, the mosquito-borne disease wasn’t always just a foreign risk. There was a time that yellow fever terrorized New Orleans, Louisiana.
In the 1800s yellow fever took hold of the busy city and more than 41,000 people were lost. Despite not knowing the origin of the disease, the city took many efforts to try and contain and erase it.
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