Research Uncovers Bacteria behind Surging Stomach Cancer around the World

When asked about cancer risk, many think of poor lifestyle choices. People may mention alcohol, diet, lack of exercise, or even plastic exposure. But a common stomach infection may pose a far greater threat.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacteria that infects the stomach lining. It spreads through contaminated food or water and often goes unnoticed. Many cases require antibiotics, though some infections resolve on their own.

A new study in Nature Medicine explored this bacterium as a hidden stomach cancer risk factor. Researchers focused on people born between 2008 and 2017 worldwide. They estimate that 15.6 million people in this group will develop gastric cancer. Of these, 11.9 million cases—or 76%—are linked to H. pylori.

Why Gastric Cancer Remains a Major Global Health Challenge

Gastric cancer is still the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Only a few wealthy countries, mainly in East Asia, screen early. Without new action, the global burden is expected to grow.

Stomach cancers receive less funding than other infection-related cancers. Cervical and liver cancers receive more research and prevention support. This underinvestment slows progress, despite the cancer being preventable.

Most gastric cancers, especially non-cardia types, are caused by H. pylori. This long-term infection can be treated with antibiotics and acid blockers. A vaccine could help, but development has stalled in recent years. Such a vaccine would reduce antibiotic use and simplify prevention efforts.

Future projections show rising deaths and diagnoses in coming decades. Over 70% of cases will occur in high or very high HDI countries. Very high HDI countries may see 3.1 million cancer cases. High HDI countries may face 7.9 million cases in total.

Still, 42% of projected cases will happen in lower-incidence regions. These are areas where current cancer rates are below 10 per 100,000. Demographic changes, like aging and growth, drive these unexpected increases.

Most future cases are expected in Asia, especially India and China. But researchers still project 2 million cases in the Americas. Africa could face 1.7 million, while Europe may see 1.2 million.

What Strategies Could Prevent Rising Stomach Cancer Cases?

Screen-and-treat programs for H. pylori could greatly reduce cases. At 100% effectiveness, such programs may prevent 75% of cancers. Even at 80–90% impact, they could stop most future cases. These findings highlight the urgent need for global prevention strategies.

Dr. Jin Young Park led the research team behind the study. He urged global health leaders to launch screening pilot programs soon. He emphasized that gastric cancer must become a global health priority.

Conclusion

H. pylori is a major, preventable cause of stomach cancer worldwide. Early detection and treatment could stop millions of future cancer cases. Investing in screen-and-treat programs now could save lives around the world.

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Logan Hamilton is a health and wellness freelance writer for hire. He’s passionate about crafting crystal-clear, captivating, and credible content that elevates brands and establishes trust. When not writing, Logan can be found hiking, sticking his nose in bizarre books, or playing drums in a local rock band. Find him at loganjameshamilton.com.